Jig grinder



July 3, 1951 F. c. VICTORY 2,559,180

JIG GRINDER Filed Aug. 22, 1950 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR. JREDERICK E. VIIJTURY BY 7 Z MIME?! F. C. VICTORY July 3, 1951 JIG GRINDER 12 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 22, 1950 WIZZNEY July 3, 1951 Filed Aug. 22, 1950 F. c. VICTORY JIG GRINDER 12 Sheets-Sheet 4 304 IN V EN TOR.

m4 JREJJERIEKE. WETURY A TORNEY F. C. VICTORY July 3, 1951 JIG GRINDER 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 22, 1950 RMN wMN wMw b mh n mw um RN MRN mwN MNN mmN MNN K3 INVENTOR FREDERICK EJ/EIJTDRY MAN ATTORNEY July 3, 1951 I F. c. VICTORY JIG GRINDER l2 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Aug. 22, 1950 m .0 Mn MW ,5. E E E 3 N .m T v T M 12 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR. JREDERIEK E. WETURY ATTORNEY \K b3 NE Filed Aug. 22, 1950 July 3, 1951 F. C. VICTORY July 3, 1951 JIG GRINDER Filed Aug. 22, 1950 MWN m w m m mw wm M Y m@ HE E N M I m 0 I T. R T E A m will! NNY 3w R mw H N? in v aw MN QwNkmWmN k N w \wwm Mum 9m mwN QM F. C. VICTORY July 3, 1951 JIG GRINDER l2 Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed Aug. 22, 1950 I N V EN TOR. FREDERICK E. VicTURY I v z t T ORNEY F. C. VICTORY J IG GRINDER I 12 S!'ieets+Sheet 12 Filed Aug. 22, 1950 ATTORNEY Patented July 3, 1951 JIG GRINDER Frederick 0. Victory, Milford, Conn, assignor to Moore Special Tool 00., Inc., a corporation of Connecticut Application August 22, 1950, Serial No. 180,716

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in machine tools and has particular relation to a jig grinder.

An object of the invention is to provide a jig grinder of generally improved construction and adapted for use in a wide range of operations.

A further object is to provide a jig grinder including a vertical column having a tool head including a spindle mounted thereon together with means for vertically reciprocating the tool head and including a drive for rotating said spindle, the drive being eifected by a motor mounted within the column and connected to drive the spindle through a flexible shaft extending upwardly through the upper end of the column and looped through 180 for driving connection with the spindle whereby the reciprocation of the spindle involves the movements of a minimum of weight and whereby the over-all height of the machine is kept low, a tool holder together with means for rotating the same independent of the spindle being mounted on the lower end thereof.

Another object is to provide a machine tool including a column and a tool head mounted on a side of the column, said tool head including a vertically reciprocable main spindle, means comprising a pair of air operated cylinder and piston constructions for vertically reciprocating the tool head and spindle, and a closed hydraulic system including a third piston and cylinder construction and a passage from one end of the third cylinder to the other thereof externally of the cylinder, a metering orifice being provided in said passage and regulating the speed of movement of the spindle by the pneumatic piston and cylinder constructions.

A further object is to provide a particular hy iraulic apparatus useful in the machine tool described and including a cylinder and piston construction, a passage connecting the outer ends of a cylinder of said construction, piston rods extending from each side of the piston and out through the ends of the cylinder, a pair of spaced seals in the cylinder ends and through which each of said rods pass, a chamber about each of said rods between said seals, means maintaining liquid in said chambers under a pressure substantially equal to that developed within the cylinder, and a connection between the system including said chambers and the closed system including said cylinder and piston construction.

Another object is to provide a machine tool having the'characteristics indicated and including meansfor automatically imparting recipro- 26 Claims. (Cl. 51-43) cating movements to the spindle at selected and variable speeds and of selected and variable lengths and also including a manual s-uperim posed over said automatic means for varying the length of the strokes at will.

Another object is to provide a machine tool having the characteristics indicated and including selectively operable means for automatically imparting reciprocating movements to the spindle at selected and variable speeds and also including means whereby the spindle may be manually reciprocated on discontinuance of said automatic means.

An additional object is to provide a machine tool including a vertical column, a mounting block vertically adjustable in said column, a tool head on said block and including a main spindle,

means for vertically reciprocating said tool head on said block, means for rotating said main spindle, said last means including a variable speed electric ,motor, means for disconnecting the drive of said spindle from said motor, and manually operable means then shiftable into driving relation with and manually operable to rotate said spindle.

Another object is to provide a machine tool including a vertical column, a mounting block vertically adjustable on said column, a tool head vertically adjustable with said mounting block and including a main spindle, means for recip rocating said tool head on said mounting block, power means for rotating said spindle, means for disconnecting said power means, other means for then manually rotating said spindle, an ad- I justable stop means turnable with said spindle and adapted to limit turning movements through terbalancing said tool head, a connection from the compressed air supply to said pneumatic means to said cylinder and piston construction and including a regulator valve for maintaining the air in said cylinder at a constant pressure.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparentfrom a consideration of the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein a satisfactory embodiment of the invention is shown. However, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the details disclosed but includes all such variations and modifications as fall within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view showing the machine of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a front elevational view thereof;

Fig. 3 is a vertical central sectional view through the column of the machine;

Fig. 4 is a View partly in elevation and partly in vertical central section through the tool head of the machine;

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view at right angles to Fig. 4 and taken as along the line 5--5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a front elevational view of the midportion of the machine; Fig. 7 is a side elevational view of said midportion of the machine;

Fig. 8 is a central vertical sectional view through the power means for reciprocating the tool head of the machine;

Fig. 9 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation and showing guiding and counterbalancing means for the reciprocal portions of the machine head;

- Fig. 10 is a vertical detail sectional view taken as along the line lll-IU of Fig. 9; V

' Fig. 11 is a detail elevational View of stop means employed;

- Fig. 12 is a. detail sectional view showing a hand feed employed;

Fig. 13 is a view partly in elevation and partly in vertical central section and on a somewhat larger scale through the lower portion of the tool head, the part in section being as along the plane'of the line l3l3 of Fig. 14;

Fig. 14 is a view taken as looking down onto Fig. 13 with-the central portions, comprising the reciprocating spindle, omitted and showing adjustable stop means for use in conjunction with the hand feed means of Fig. 11;

Fig. 15 is a front elevational view of the machine parts of Fig. 14;

Fig. 16 is a detail sectional view taken as along the line |6-|6 of Fig. 13 showing part of the means for adjusting the eccentricity of the tool spindle;

Fig. 17 is a detail sectional view showing the construction and mounting of the sleeve or quill for the main spindle;

. Fig. 18 is a detail sectional View taken as along the line l8-I8 of Fig. 17;

Fig. 19 is aschematic view showing the pneumatic and hydraulic systems;

Fig. 20 is a detail view showing a pair of valves of Fig. 19 in reverse positions; and

Fig. 21 is a schematic view showing the wiring diagram for certain operations.

Referring in detail to the drawings, the improved jig grinder as herein shown includes a base generally designated 10 and integral with and upstanding from the rear portion of which is a column generally designated II. These parts may be integral. The lower portion of the base In is forwardly laterally enlarged providing a portion 12 mounting a saddle 13 adjustable forwardly and rearwardly on the base on manipulation of a hand wheel I4 through any or the usual screw and nut structures.

Slidably mounted on the sadddle I3 for adjustment in directions transverse to those in which the saddle is adjustable, is a table l5 adjustable through any or the usual mechanism, such as a nut and feed screw, on manipulation of ,a hand wheel I6. Graduated rings or dials I1 and 18 are provided to show adjustments of the saddle and table effected by the hand wheels 14 and I6, respectively. In its upper surface, table 15 is provided with T-slots I9 for the attachment of work clamps. On opposite sides of the column H are control boxes 20 and 2| mounting various control elements.

On the forward side of the column II are guides 22 providing ways on which a mounting block 23 is vertically adjustable. A T-bolt 24 movable with the block 23 has its head located in a. T-slotin the guide 22 and on the shank of said bolt is threaded a nut or nut-like means 25rfixed to a handle 26 extending laterally outwardly through an opening 21 in the block 23. On manipulation of the handle 26 to loosen the nut 25, the block 23 may be adjusted vertically along the ways of the guide 22 and thereafter said handle is manipulated to tighten said nut.

A second T-bolt 28 carried with the block 23 also has its head in the mentioned T-slot and the T-bolt 28 at its outer end is provided with adjustable washer-like nut means 29 threaded to the bolt and overlying recesses 30 in which are located coil springs 3|. Said springs bear at their inner ends against the inner ends of the recesses or sockets 30 and at their outer ends against nut 29. Any tendency of the block 23 to tilt in such manner that its upper portion moves outwardly from the guide 22 on loosening of the nut 25 is therefore resisted by the springs 3| and the compression of these springs may be adjusted by threading the nut 29 inwardly or outwardly on the shank of the T-bolt 28.

Connected with a part or strap 32 rigid with the block 23 is one end of a flexible connector 33 shown as a length of sprocket chain. This connector'passes over sprockets 34 supported by the'upper forward portion of the column II and then passes to the interior of said column and therein over a sprocket 35. The inner or lower portion of the connector is connected at 36 with a weight 31 adapted for guided vertical movements on rods 38 located within the column ll. Thus, it will be seen that the weight 31 is a counterbalancing means for the block 23 and the tool head (to be described) mounted on such block.

Mounted within the upper portion of the column H by means of a suitable bracket structure generally designated 39 is a variable speed electric motor 49. The shaft 4| of the motor is, through a coupling 42, connected to drive a flexible shaft 43 extending upwardly through the upper end of column II. Above the column, flexible drive shaft 43 is enclosed in a flexible boot 44 together with hydraulic and pneumatic.

leads or flexible conduits of which two, designated 45 and 46, are shown in Fig. 1 while others are shown in Fig. 2 and all are shown in schematic Fig. 19.

The boot 44 and the elements therein are carend of a stud 5'I vertically reciprocable in a socket 58 opening through the upper end portion of a relatively heavy shaft 59. Stud 51 is bifurcated or provided witha longitudinally extending slot 66 straddling a pin GI carried by the shaft 59. Then a coil spring 62 bears at oneend against the shaft 59 and at its other end against the underside of the clutch element 56 and serves to normally yieldingly maintain the element 56 in coupled or driving relation with the clutch element 55 whereby the short shaft 54 serves to drive the shaft 59.

While the spring 62 is constantly urging the clutch element 56 into clutching engagement with the clutch element 55, these elements may bedisconnected by downward shifting of the element 56 against the action of the spring 62. Means are provided for that purpose and such means (see Fig. 5) includes a rod 63 extending through the hollow shaft 54 and which rod at its lower end bears against the central portion of the upper side of the clutch element 56. At its upper end, rod 63 is in engagement with a spud or projection 64 extending radially downwardly from a horizontal shaft 65 to one end of which an elbow 66 ,serves to connect a handle or hand lever 61. Said elbow is fixed to the shaft 65 by a pin 66.

On rocking of the hand lever 6'! to a vertical position the spud or .projection 6 is moved to a vertical position and is depressing the rod 63 to depress and uncouple clutch element 56. On movement of the handle 61 to either side of the vertical, the stud is carried from over the rod 63 releasing the same whereupon spring 62 moves element 56 into clutching engagement with element 55. A spring pressed ball 69 may seat in a recess to maintain the handle 6'! and thus shaft 65 and spud64 in whatever positions these parts may be manually moved, i. e., a position permittingthe clutch element 56 to engage clutch element 55 or to a position maintaining the clutch elements disconnected.

The heavy tubular shaft 59 extends not only through a main yoke portion I of the tool head 48 but also through a main yoke portion 7| thereof and is rotatable in each. Shaft 59 has a socket I2 which opens through its lower end and extending into this socket is a bar 13 which toward its upper end is rigid with a pin 14 extending transversely through the bar and through the shaft 59. Actually the pin 14 passes through vertical slots I in the opposite walls of the shaft 59 whereby the bar I3 may be adjusted vertically in the socket or opening 12 of the shaft. The bar 13 is normally held in its uppermost position with the ends of its pin I4 against the underside of a horizontal shoulder I6 of an adjustable nut and bearing means generally designated".

} Such means, in additon to the ring having the. shoulder 16, includes a depending externally threaded tubular portion I8 threaded with the inner threaded surface of a fixed tubular part 19. Additionally, means 'l'I includes an outer shell-like portion or nut 80 overlying the outer surface of the tubular part 19 but comprising a rigid part of the'rneans 11. Through interposed bearings, nut is rotatable on the ring having the shoulder 16. On turning of the nut 89, means TI is threaded upwardly or'downwardly on the tubular part 19 and its shoulder 16 riding against the pin 14 either depresses the pin and thus the bar I3 or permits the pin, together with the bar 13, to rise.

As shown in Fig. 9, the nut 89 is externally knurled or roughened at 8I in order that it may be better gripped for turning and about its lower edge carries graduations 82 to be read in connection with a suitable zer marker 83 (Fig. 2) on the forward side of the outer surface of the tubula'r part I9. The upper and lower portions of shaft 59 are shown as mounted in suitable bearings 84 and 85, respectively, in the main yoke portions 70 and II.

At its lower end, bar 13 is connected through a flexible connector 86 with the upper end of a bar 81 having a tapered lower end cam surface 88 entering a socket 89 opening through the lower end of a main spindle member 96. Bar 81 is normally urged to an upper position by a coil spring 9| located about the bar and within a socket 92 opening through the upper end of the main spindle member 90. Thus, this spring acting against the bar 81 and through the coupling 86 on the bar I3, normally maintains the latter in an upper position with the ends of its transverse pin 14 against the shoulder 16 of the means 11.

Main spindle is vertically movable within and rotatably drives a tube or sleeve 93. Sleeve 93 is located within a cylinder 94 rotatably mounted in upper and lower bearings 95 and 96 supported by a main spindle housing 91 comprising a part of the above described vertically adjustable block 23. Cylinder 94 has a pair of diametrically opposite depending lugs 98 (Figs. 4, 1'7 and 18) carrying aligned pins 99 received in openings I00 in the lower portion of the sleeve 93. These pins serve to provide a transverse axis or fulcrum point on which the sleeve 93 may pivot, it being noted (particularly with reference to Fig. 4) that there is a circumferential space IDI surrounding the sleeve, or between the sleeve and the cylinder 94.

The coupling 86 includes a thrust link I92 aligned with the bars I3 and 81 and pivotally connected at its respective ends to the adjacent ends of said bars. Then there is the driving link I93 surrounding the link I02 and pivoted. at its respective ends to the adjacent ends of extensions 59a and 90a rigid with shaft 59 and hollow spindle 96, respectively. Thus, the coupling 86 may be described as a semi-universal joint to permit of offsetting of the bars T3 and 61 and the shaft 59 and spindle 99 on tilting of the sleeve 93 and thereby the spindle on the axes formed by the pins 99 above mentioned. The purpose of this is to offset or tilt the driving spindle 90 whereby a tool on the lower end of said spindle and later to be described may be reciprocated at an incline for the grinding of tapered holes.

Supported by the cylinder 94 is an element I94 through diametrically opposite parts of the upper portion of which are threaded screws I65 and I66 located normal to the axes represented by the pins 99. These screws abut the upper portion of the sleeve 93 and, in Fig. 4, maintain the sleeve central with respect to the cylinder 94. However, on backing off of the screw I05 and tightening of the screw I96, the sleeve 93, together with the main spindle 90 and all parts carried by the latter, will be located at an incline. From'Fig. 4 it will be clear that the limit of inclination of the main spindle is reached when an upper portion of the sleeve 93 engages the inner surface of the element I04 or of the cylinder 94.

The machine includes means for reciprocating spindle 90 and a tool carried thereby, which means are later to be set forth in detail. To permit of such reciprocation, spindle 90 is provided with a longitudinally extending key-way I01 into which enters or projects a key I08 carried by the sleeve'93. Thus, it will be seen that as the spindle is rotated through the coupling 86, the rotary movement of the spindle is imparted through the key-way and key to the sleeve 93. Yet, owing to the employment of the key and key-way, the spindle may move vertically or be reciprocated vertically in the sleeve 93. Then sleeve 93 being connected with the depending portions 98 of the cylinder 94 through the pins 99, rotation of the sleeve is imparted to the cylinder, the latter turning in the upper and lower bearings 95 and 96.

' Fixed to the outer surface of the cylinder 94 and encircling the same is a means I09 carrying a worm gear H0. At certain times, as will later be set forth, it is desirable that the spindle 90 be manually oscillated. To that end, a shaft II I (see Figs. 4 and 12) is mounted by the spindle housing 91 in tangental relation to the worm gear H0. Such shaft at its inner end enters a socket H2 and in its intermediate portion passes through a larger diameter cylindrical opening H3. Fast with the shaft 1 I I is a worm I I4. Then the shaft is provided with inner and outer circumferential grooves I I 5 and I I6 and on its outer end has a hand Wheel I I1 fixed thereto.

Fig. 12 shows the details of this structure and in that figure the full line positions are the operable positions while the dotted line positions are the inoperable or non-functioning positions of the parts. A key or plunger H8 having a finger piece H9 is normally urged inwardly as by a coil spring I20. When this key is in the groove H5,

the shaft I I I is secured in position with its worm H4 meshing with the worm gear I I0. Now, on rotation of the shaft II I through manipulation of the hand wheel H1, the gear H0 and thus the entire spindle assembly within the cylinder 94 will'have turning movement imparted thereto. On retraction of the key H8, by drawing outwardly of the hand piece or finger piece H9, the shaft III may be shifted inwardly carrying the worm H4 inwardly to the dotted line position where such worm does not mesh with the Worm gear H0.

In this position of the parts, the key H8 is located in the annular groove H6 in the shaft so the shaft is secured in this inner position and the worm and worm gear I I4 and I ID are kept out of mesh whereby the spindle assembly is free to turn independent of the worm H4 and the shaft III. In the inner end of the socket H2 is a microswitch I2I located in the circuit of the variable speed electric motor 40 and breaking such circuit when the shaft I II and parts thereon are in the full line position of Fig. 12. Thus, when the hand wheel H1 is being used to manually turn the spindle assembly, there is no possibility that the motor 49 may be energized. On shifting of the shaft and hand wheel to the broken line posi-' tion of Fig. 12, the micro-switch I2I is automatically moved into circuit closing relation insofar as the circuit of motor 40 is concerned and has no function with respect to said motor.

high speed air motor unit I22 is carried by the lower end of the main rotatable and vertically reciprocable spindle90. Fixed to the lowerend of main spindle 90 is a block I23 having an opening I24 therethrough and a dovetail I25 mounting a dovetail slide I26 to which screws I21 attach a block I28 mounting the high speed air motor I22. A screw I29 is rotatable in the dovetail slide I26 and threads through a short pin or stud I30 (Figs. 13 and 16) turnable about its own axis in a sleeve I3I having slots I32 providing clearance for the screw. 1

A' lever I33 is pivoted intermediate its ends at I34 and its upper end portion I35 engages the cam face 08 of bar 81. Below its pivot lever I33 includes a portion I36 encircling or receiving the sleeve I3I. With this arrangement, on rotation of the screw I29 by the application of a -tool'to its end I31, the stud I30 is fed along the screw and moves with the lever I33 whereby the latter 'is rocked on the pivot I34 to cause the upper end portion I35 of the lever to bear against the cam face 88 of bar 81 and to shift the dovetail slide I26 in the direction of the length of the screw but to the right or the left (Fig. 13) depending on the direction in which the screw is turned. 7

When the present machine is in use, air under pressure is supplied to drive the turbine wheel of the air motor unit I22 whereby to drive a chuck I38 at very high speeds (50,000 R. P. M.) and such chuck drives, through a stem I39, a small grinding wheel I40 or other tool as may be in use. The wheel I40 is given a planetary movement. The air motor rotates the wheel on the axis of the stem I39 and the motor 40 rotates the entire air motor 'unit I22 through a circular motion or on a circular path. The drive of the motor 40 down through the spindle 90 has been described. To obtain the circular path of movement of the tool I40, adjustment is made to locate the shaft of the tool I40 in eccentric relation to the main spindle 90. A coarse adjustment is obtained by rotation of the screw I29 in the manner above described. Then for the finished fine adjusti ment, the element 11 is used providing a micromf eter adjustment by depressing its shoulder 16 against the transverse pin 14 to shift downwardly the bar 13 and through the link I02 of coupling 86 the bar 81. This forces the cam face 88 of rod 81 against the upper end portion of the lever I 33 tending to rock the same slightly and give minute adjustment to the dovetail slide I26. The purpose of the two adjustments will be clear when it is understood that the adjustment which may be accomplished with the element 11 is limited. Thus, a coarse or approximate adjustment is made byrotating the screw I29 while spindle 90 is stationary and then the fine finish adjust-' ment is accomplished through the element 11 with spindle 90 rotating.

In use of the machine, the tool head yoke portions 10 and 1 I, together with the parts mounted therein, are reciprocated along with the main spindle 90. Portions 10 and H are integral parts of a yoke generally designated I4I. Thus,- it will be understood that the main spindle is rotated by the motor 40 at a relatively low speed,that

the main spindle is reciprocated, and that through the air motor I22 the tool I40 is rotated at a high speed. In addition, the tool is carried through a planetary motion by the slow rotation of the main spindle 90. The means for rotating the main spindle and for adjusting the omen-.-

tricity of the tool spindle with relation to this main spindle has been described. Now will be described the means for imparting the reciprocating motion to the reciprocable portions or parts of the tool head.

The yoke I4l (see Figs. 4 and 8) includes a body portion I42 having three cylinders I43, I44 and I45 formed therein. These cylinders are lined with steel tubings I46 and at their upper ends are closed by a head I41 and at their lower ends by a head I48. In theactual construction, the body portion I42 is a portion of the yoke which is integral with the bearing portions 10 and II and the heads I41 and I48 are secured in position by bolts or otherwise as desired.

The cylinders I43 and I44 are air cylinders while the cylinder I45 is a liquid or oil cylinder, as will more fully appear. Located in the air cylinders I43 and I44 are pistons I49 and I50, respectively. These pistons are fast with rods II and I52, which rods at their lower ends are fast with the block 23, being threaded or otherwise connected with the block. Within the liquid or oil cylinder I45 is a piston I53 rigid with a piston rod comprising a lower portion; I54 extending" downwardly from the piston and an upper portion I55 extending upwardly therefrom. Thus, the piston rod extends from opposite sides of the piston I53 and, in fact, rod portion I55 extends entirely through the upper cylinder head I41. At its lower end, piston rod portion I54 extends through the cylinder head I48 and is threaded to or otherwise made rigid with the block 23.

Packings I56 encircle the piston rods I5I and I52 within the lower cylinder head I48. Somewhat similarly, inner packings I51 and I58 encircle the piston rods I 55 and I54 where they pass through the cylinder heads I41 and I48, respectively. In such cylinder heads, outwardly of the packings I51 and I58, are annular chambers or cavities I59 and I60 encircling piston rods I55 and I54, respectively, and providing liquid seals about such rods as will appear. Then, outwardly of the mentioned annular chambers or cavities, other seals I6I and I62 encircle the piston rods I55 and I54, respectively, to guard against leakage outwardly from the cavities I59 and I60, respectively.

As will presently appear when considering the schematic drawing of Fig. 19, the cylinder I45 is part of a closed hydraulic system or circuit. The tool head 48 is reciprocated by the supply and exhaust of compressed air to and from the cylinders I43 and I44 alternately at opposite sides of the pistons I49 and I50. It is necessary that the tool I40 be reciprocated with a smooth even stroke. Compressed air alone may not be used for this purpose and thus the mentioned closed hydraulic system is employed to limit, the speed of reciprocation by the compressed air; It is necessary that this hydraulic system be kept full and free of any air or air bubbles and means are provided for removin any entrained air from the hydraulic circuit.

To the desired end, the piston I53 is hollowed out or slightly conical on its underside about the piston rod I54 as at I 63. This conical depression may be annular and through ports I64 communicates with an opening or a longitudinally extending passage I65 in the piston rod or piston rod portion I55. With this construction, air trapped below the piston I53 tending to move upwardly moves through the ports I64 into the passage I55. At its upper end, this passage. is closed as by a means I66 having a knurled finger gripping portion I61. At various times and particularly when the machine is initially placed in operation, the means I66 is opened slightly to permit the exhaust of air from the passage I65. Preferably, this means is of a type havinga very small orifice therethrough and such that on easing of the screw, air may bleed through this orifice and then as soon as oil appears in a solidform, the screw is tightened back into place. It may be necessary to thus bleed air from the hydraulic system osccasionally during use of the machine.

The body I42 of yoke I4I carries a pair of guide bars I68 and I69. Sockets I10 are formed in the yoke body I42 and open through the lower side of the latter and then into these sockets are inserted the upper ends of the guide bars I68. One guide bar may seat against the closed upper end of its socket I10. However, these guide bars carry rack teeth as will later appear and so it is necessary that the guide bars be accurately positioned relatively in order that their rack teeth be aligned to properly mesh with the teeth of gears or pinions mounted on a common shaft.

Therefore, means are provided whereby one bar may be slightly adjusted longitudinally for the alignment of the mentioned rack teeth.

To the desired end (see Fig. 9) a screw I1I threaded through the top wall of yoke body I42 into the upper end of the guide bar I68. Then a pair of screws I12 are threaded through the mentioned portion of the yoke to bear against the upper end of said guide bar I68. Thus, by easing on the screws I12 and tightening on't'he' screw I1I or vice-versa, the guide bar I68 may be adjusted slightly upwardly or downwardly.

The guide bars I68 and I69 enter the block'2'3: through elongated or tubular bushing members I13 anchored in place at their lower ends by nuts or caps I14 which serve to draw enlarged diameterportions I15 of said cylindrical or tubular bushings against the upper side of the block 23. It is within these bushings I13 (Fig. 10) that the guide bars are provided with rack teeth, those of the guide bar I68 being designated I16 and thoseof the guide bar I69 being designated I11.

Extending through the block 23 is a shaft I18 mounting gears or pinions I19 and I constantly meshing with the rack teeth I16 and I11, respectively. About the shaft, toward one end, is a collar or collar-like member I8I in which the shaft is turnable and which may, in fact, be an integral part of the block 23 since it is stationary with the block. Then, about the shaft isa hearing or bushing I82 on which is located a collar I83- having graduations about its outer periphery to be read in conjunction with a zero mark or the like on the collar I8I. The graduation carrying collar I83 may turn on the bushing I82 but is frictionally held against such movement. Thus. a ring I84 is keyed to the bushing I82 and a biasing spring washer I85 is located between said. ring and the collar I83 whereby except that the collar is held while the ring is turned, the parts turn together.

In the actual construction, the ring I84 is the hub of a hand wheel I86 which will be used for turning or oscillating the shaft I18 to raise and lower the guide rods I68 and I69 and thus the yoke MI and the tool head portions movable vertically therewith. It is noted that in the construction shown the gears or pinions I19 and I80 are always in mesh with the rack teeth I16 and I11, respectively, and thus on any reciprocation 1 l of the tool head, as the guide rods I68 and IE9 are reciprocated, the shaft I'IB will be oscillated.

Assuming the machine to be in use and in automatic operation through its cycle, under such circumstances the tool I4I3 will have a planetary motion, being rotated at extremely high speed about its own axis and at a lower speed through a circular path, power for such movement of the tool through such circular path being furnished by the motor 40 operating through a flexible shaft 43'.

In addition, the machine being on auto-cycle, the movable parts of the tool head are being reciprocated vertically with respect to the mounting block 23. Such reciprocation is accomplished by the hydraulic pneumatic means'above described and shown best in Fig. 8. The operation of such means will probably be best understood through reference to schematic Figs. 19, 20 and 21 and particularly Fig. 19. In that figure, air from a compressor (not shown) moves through the pipe or line I81 and through a regulator valve I88 to a pipe I89. A branch I98 has a one-waycheck valve I9I therein and said branch serves to supply compressed air to an accumulator I92 and through or past a bleed valve I 53 to a connection I94 with the lower end of the cylinder formed about the lower end of guide rod I68 by the cylindrical bushing I13 thereabout. In

this connection, with reference to Fig. 9, it will be seen that a packing I95 is provided on the lower end of the guide rod I68.

From a fitting I96 in the line I89, a porous wick-like means I 91 enters a reservoir I98 containing a hydraulic fluid I99, preferably oil. The Wick I9! through capillary action raises oil from the reservoir I98 and the air passing through the fitting I96 from the line I89 to a line 200 entrains some of this oil and carries it into the cylinders I43 and I44 for lubrication of these parts. Line 200, through a two-way control valve ZGI, supplies compressed air to a line 202 which, in turn, through a line 263 supplies compressed air to a by-pass valve 264. Also, the line 202 supplies this compressed airto a fourway reversing valve 295 which in one position, i. e., the position of Figs. 19 and 21, supplies the compressed air to a line 296 and through laterals 201' and 248 from the latter to the upper ends of the cylinders I43 and I44. 7

At this time, air from the lower ends of said cylinders is exhausted through branches 209 and ZIII to a line 2H and thence through the passage 2 I2 of the four-way valve to an exhaust line 2I3. The air being admitted into the upper ends of the cylinders I43 and I44 cannot move the histons I49 and I54 downwardly, said pistons being immovable relative to mounting block 23, and therefore the yoke structure I 4| containing the mentioned cylinders must raise upwardly whereby the tool head 48 is moved upwardly.

At the limit of upward stroke of the tool head a circuit is closed, by a micro-switch later to be described, to a solenoid 355 (see Fig. 21) 1 controlling the four-way valve 205 whereby the latter is reversed as from the position of Fig. 19

to the position of Fig. 20. Now, the line 246, which formerly was supplying compressed air to the upper ends of the cylinders I43 and I44, is connected with the exhaust line 2 I 3.

Also, now the supply line 292 is connected 1 through the valve passage 2I4 to pipe 2II for supplying compressed air to the branches 2% and 2 I and thence to the lower ends of the cylinders, I43 and E44. Nowthe pistons being imby the mentioned solenoid, air is alternately furnished tothe upper and lower ends of the cylinders I43 and I44 and the tool I43 and tool head.

48 are reciprocated vertically.

The length of the reciprocating stroke is limited by the cylinder lengths employed and the reciprocation is a working stroke. The tool head is positioned on the column II therefore depending upon the position of the work to be ground. If it is a thin piece of work-or a tall piece'of work, it will project more or less above the table I5. Therefore, to take care of different sizes of work, the clamping nut, is released and the block 23 adjusted downwardly or upwardly on the ways in the guide 22. This is accomplished by manual rotation of a spider 2I9 fast on the outer end of a shaft 2I5 carrying the sprocket above referred to.

With the clamping nut 25 loosened, clearly, on-

turning of the spider, the sprocket chain 33 will be moved in one direction or the other to raise provides a resistance to. the mentioned recipro-- eating movements of the tool head and serves to give a steady, smooth stroke to the latter in either direction.

Such hydraulic means, in addition to the cylinder I45, includes pipes 2I6 and 2H connected with the upper and lower ends, respectively, of the said cylinder and themselves connected through an adjustable metering valve 2 I8. Clearly, as the air moves the yoke body I42 upwardly and downwardly, the liquid must pass from one end of the cylinder I through the metering valve 2I8 to the other end of said cylinder. Depending on the extent to which this metering valve is opened, the rate of movement of the yoke I 4| and of the whole tool head is controlled.

Here it is noted that the location of the air hydraulic cylinder I45 and the location of all of these cylinders within the block I42 is advanheads I 41 and I48 on the block or body. Thus,

the block or body and the heads may, in turn, take up heat from the hydraulic cylinder I45 and the liquid therein.

At certain times, as will hereinafter appear, it is desirable to manually move the tool head and at such times the auto-cycle portion of the machines operation is discontinued and the contl'Ql. valve ZBI shifted to the position of Fig. 20

with the reversing valve 205 also in the position shown in that figure. This not only exhausts air from the upper ends of the cylinders I43 and I44 as above explained but also exhausts air from the lower ends of the cylinders since the line 2I I through the passage 2I4 of valve 205 and the line 202 through a passage 220 of the valve I communicates with an exhaust line 22I. Thus, both ends of each cylinder are opened to exhaust.

Additionally, with the control valve 20I positioned as in Fig. 20, the line 203 is opened to exhaust since it is but a branch of the line 202. The air being exhausted from the line 203, the cylinder 222 of the by-pass valve 204 is exhausted and a coil spring 223 may push a piston 224 and a spool valve 225 toward the right as viewed in Fig. 19, placing a line 226 in communication with a line 22'l. These lines 226 and 22! together with the passage through the by-pass valve 204 provide a by-pass for the metering valve 2 I8. Under these conditions, the liquid may fiow freely from one end to the other of the cylinder I45 and theoperator may easily manually raise and lower the tool head without any resistance to movement of the liquid such as would be encountered if the liquid had to pass through the metering valve 2I8. Thus, the metering valve is by-passed and the tool head may be manually reciprocated by back and forth turning of the hand wheel I86 and any setting of the metering valve will not be disturbed.

At 228 and 229 are shown openings or exhausts whereby air within the by-pass valve 204 will not interfere with its prompt operation under the urging of the spring 223 or on the supply of compressed air to its cylindrical end portion 222.

The air supplied to the underside of the guide bar I68 through the connection I94 is at the line pressure used for operating other pneumatic parts of the machine and is that establishd by adjustment of the regulator valve I88. The air so'supplied to the underside of the guide rod IE8 is for counterbalancing purposes and the area available at the lower end of said rod is such with respect to the pressure of the air used as to take up the entire weight or substantially the entire weight of the tool head 48 comprising all reciprocable parts. This oounterbalancing of weight is especially desirable when the tool head is to be manually raised or lowered by manipulation of the hand wheel I86 under conditions which will appear. At such times, the by-pass valve 284 is in such position that the liquid may move from one end to the other of cylinder I45, by-passing the metering valve 2I8.

It is desired that the compressed air under the guide bar M58 be present at all times and when air is exhausted from the cylinders I43 and I44 and from the by-pass valve 294, the air at the underside of rod I58 remains trapped owing to the presence of the one-way valve ISI. To compensate for any loss of air about the guide rod I 68, the accumulator I92 is provided whereby the machine may be left overnight with the tool head in any position and air will not leak out and permit the tool head to drop.

When part of the tool head is being changed to provide for different operations, heavier or lighter means may be substituted. At this time, when a tool is substituted, the regulator valve I88 is adjusted in accordance with the weight of the substituted parts. However, if the substituted parts are lighter, the one-way valve I'9I maintains the former high pressure locked in the accumulator and at the underside of the guide rod I58. Now, the operator having adjusted the regulator valve I88 for the lesser pressure, he opens the bleed valve I93 temporarily to bleed the excessive pressure. In fact, the bleeding operation may be excessive and when the bleed valve is released and closed, the pressure in the accumulator and under the guide rod I68 will be brought up to that pressure determined by the adjustment of the regulator valve I88.

It is particularly desirable that the hydraulic system be completely full of liquid at all times and that no air be admitted to the system since any air bubbles moving through the metering valve 2 I8 would result in irregular and uncertain vertical movement of the tool head. Any oil being lost out of the cylinder I45 along the piston rods I54 and 555- will be entrapped in the encircling liquid sealing chambers I and I59, respectively. Also, these chambers provide liquid seals about the mentioned piston rods preventing movement of air inwardly along the rods into the cylinder I45.

The chambers or oil seals I59 and I60 are kept constantly filled with oil under pressure. The oil supplied to these chambers is the same as that used in the hydraulic system. Such oil is that shown at I99 in the reservoir I98. This oil. is under a head of air in the upper portion of the reservoir, such air being admitted to the reservoir from the fitting I96. through the wicking I91. From the reservoir, a line or pipe 239 carries the oil to branches 23I and 232 leading to the chambers I59 and I60. Thus, the oilin these chambers is under pressure and is actually under approximately the identical pressure with the oil in the above described closed hydraulic system.

One of the sealing chambers as, for example, the chamber I60, is connected in the above mentioned closed hydraulic circuit. Thus, from chamber I60 there is a supply line 233. to a member 234 having a very fine orifice, 235 therein connected into the line 2I'I oi; the closed system. In Fig. 19, the orifice 235 is greatly exaggerated in size. Actually it is about 13 /2 thousandths of an inch in diameter. It is so small that there is no danger of the loss of oil from the closed system out through the orifice and then again it will be clear that, the pressure in the chamber I50 and thus in the orifice from. the chamber is equal to the pressure. in the closed hydraulic system. However, should there be any loss of liquid from the closed hydraulic system, it will be made up from the disclosed compensating. fluid sealing means through the orifice 235 into the line 2I'I. Then, again, through this orifice 235, compensation is obtained for changes in the volume of thev oil in the closed hydraulic system due to expansion and contraetionas such oil may be hot or cool. Again, any loss due to the bleeding of air which may have been entrained in the hydraulic system will be compensated for by the admission of oil, to the system from the orifice 235.

Any other less in the volume of oil in the closed system will be compensated for through this orifice and as above suggested, if the volume inthe system increases because of expansion due to heat, the excess will pass downwardly through the orifice because of the excessive pressure with.- in the closed system. In. likev manner, should there be a loss of volume in the system. due to cooling of the oil, there will be a drop of pressure in the closed hydraulic system and the pressure in the chamber I50 will cause oil to be forced through the orifice into the line 2 H of the closed hydraulic system.

As above suggested, switches are provided for controlling the solenoid for reversing the valve 295 at the limits of the up and down movements of the tool head. Such means includes a pair of micrometer switches 236 and 23'! (Figs. '7 and 21) located at the side of the machine. These switches are operated by pins 238 on vertically adjustable rods 239 and 249 carried with the reciprocable tool head. The switches 236 and 231 are mounted on a stationary portion of the machine as on the spindle housing 91. Rods 239 and 249 carry rack teeth 24I and 242, respectively, and such rack teeth mesh with pinions 243 and 244 rotatable by hand pieces 245 and 246, respectively.

Assuming that switch 236 controls the limit of upward movement of the tool head and brings about operation of the solenoid 343 to reverse the valve 295 at the limit of such upward movement, the'rod 239 is adjusted to operate the microswitch 236 at the proper time and such adjustment is obtained by manual manipulation of the hand piece 245. Similarly, rod 249 is adjusted by manual manipulation of the hand piece 246 so as to have the pin 238 trip the micro-switch 231 at the desired limit of the downward stroke of the tool head under the action of the compressed air. -In setting up the machine, the valves 29! and 295 are positioned as in Fig. and the operator manually manipulates the hand wheel I86 until the tool is at one limit of its movement and then he adjusts one of his rods 239 and 249. Then he manipulates the hand wheel and at the other limit of movement of the tool, sets the other rod. In making these settings of the rods with the tool head and tool at the desired limit of movement, the micro-switch will be clicked and the operator knows that the parts are positioned for proper manipulation of the microswitches and reversal of the four-way valve 295 at the proper times. Thus, by adjusting the rods 239 and 249, the length of the reciprocating strokes and the points of their terminations are determined.

sire to gauge a hole that is being ground or to gauge other work, he may without disturbing his adjustments of the rods 239 and 249, cause the tool head to move upwardly to draw a tool out of and to a position above the work. He may also have the tool pass downwardly below the lower limit for which the rods 239 and 249 are set without disturbing their adjustment.

A pair of switches 241 and 248 are mounted on. the main spindle housing 91 and between them extends a pivoted handle or lever 249 normally maintained centered by springs 259. To run the tool head up above a position for which the rods 239 and 249 are set, the operator shifts the lever 249 to close the circuit of one of the switches 24'! or 248. This overrides the effect of the micro- :switches 236 or 231, as will be fully described provided for by the switches 236' and 23'! to place v In using the machine, should the operator de-" a 16 the machine back in its previous cycle, the operator manipulates the lever 249 in the opposite direction again operating one of the switches 241 or 248 to override the switches 236 and 231 and bring the tool head back into the zone of travel where it comes under the control of the limit and reversing switches 236 and 231.

At times it is desired to' grind or otherwise work upon an arcuate surface of less than 360. In such instance, the high speed air motor may not be revolved on a circular path by power supplied by the electric motor 49. When such work is to be performed, the lever 6'! may be operated to disconnect the clutch element 56 from the clutch element and also, if desired, the circuit of motor 49 may be opened. Now, the op;- crator draws outwardly on the finger piece II 9 to remove the key H8 from the groove I I6 and then draws outwardly on the hand wheel I II bringing it to the full line position of Fig. 12 and meshing the worm I I4 with the worm wheel As the shaft I I I is drawn outwardly, the microswitch I2I operates to open the circuit of motor 49 so'that said circuit cannot be inadvertently closed and cause damage such as might occur if at such time the clutch elements 55 and 56 were not disengaged. The operator may now turn the hand wheel I I! first in one direction and then in the opposite direction to oscillate the main spindle 99 and the airy motor being in eccentric relation with such spindle, the tool I49 will be carried back and forth over an arc.

Stop means are provided where if considerable work is to be done along a given arc the stop means may be positioned and then the operator simply turns the wheel II! in one direction until one'stop is encountered and then reverses his movement of the hand wheel until the other stop is encountered and such action carrie the tool I49 over the desired arc. a ring 25I is made fast with the cylinder 94 so as to turn therewith and such ring has a T-slot 252 opening through its upper side.

Nuts 253 may be loaded into said slot through an opening 254 from the underside of the slot and then screws 255 pass through studs or buttons 256 and are threaded into the nuts 253. The T-slot 252 extends through 360 opening through the upper side of the ring 25I and thus it will be seen that the nuts, screws and studs are adjustable entirely about the ring with the studs located on the upper side thereof.

Above an inner portion of the ring 25I is a ring or member 25? fast with the stationary spindle housing 97 as through screws 258. Thus, member 25'! is stationary. Said member at spaced points has hardened elements 259 fas-' tened thereto as by screws 269 and into such elements are threaded horizontally disposed pins 26L If a single arc is to be ground, two of the stop pins 26I may be mounted and then two of the stop 25 6 properly located to engage said pins at'each end of an oscillating movement of the main spindle 99 and thetool. In this connection; it will be understood that the ring 25I must turn with the main spindle.

With the mounting of the four pins 26I possible, any desired four of the stops 256 may be employed to provide setups for a pair of arcs on the same radius and on the same piece of work. When the machine is being power driven or rotated, stop pins 26I are removed since other wise they would hit the stops 256. Also, at that time, the rotating ring 25I is covered by a hous To the desired end, 

